SCIE.11.60 - RNA-BASED RESCUE OF INHIBITION AS POTENTIAL TREATMENT FOR GENETIC GABRA1-DEPENDENT EPILEPSY

TOPIC:
Genetic neurological disorder\Epilepsy and Seizures
AUTORI:
Nencini S. (Genova) , Bruno M. (Genova) , Stefania G. (Genova) , Enrica P. (Genova) , Andrea B. (Genova)
Abstract:
Specific forms of epileptic encephalopathies (EEs) have been associated to the haploinsufficiency of the GABRA1 gene that, by coding for the alpha1 subunit of the main inhibitory synaptic receptor, determines the loss-of-function of GABAergic inhibition. Therefore, the increase of GABRA1 expression is an obvious target for the treatment of GABRA1-dependent EEs. A newly identified class of natural antisense long non-coding RNAs (SINEUPs) are able to overcome defective gene expression by promoting mRNA translation, thus offering a novel new scalable therapeutic tool to correct genetic disorders. Preliminary experiments in both HEK293T cells and primary cultured neurons where the haploinsuffinciency was mimicked by shRNA, allowed to identify SINEUPs that specifically rescued alpha1-GABAAR expression. Building on this preliminary validation, we further exploited GABRA1-SINEUPs to restore GABAergic inhibitory signaling in heterozygous α1 knock-out mice (het-α1 KO), a minimalistic model of GABRA1 haploinsufficiency with an epileptic phenotype associated with defective GABAergic inhibition. In a first set of experiments, we recorded spontaneous GABAergic synaptic inhibitory currents (sIPSCs) in cultured cortical neurons from the haploinsufficient het-α1 KO mice, following infection with viral vector carrying the GABRA1-SINEUP and control experimental groups. We found that, in het-α1 KO mice, sIPSCs showed a higher decay time constant with respect to wild type, thus indicating the altered timing of synaptic inhibition in haploinsufficient het-α1 KO mice. Interestingly, SINEUP-GABRA1 specifically rescued such deficit in the IPSCs decay kinetics. Next, we characterized the efficacy of GABRA1-SINEUP to rescue GABAergic transmission in cortical brain slices from juvenile (P35) het-α1 KO mice. SINEUP-ctrl or SINEUP-GABRA1 were transduced in cortical neurons following viral injection at P21 in the primary somatosensory cortex (S1), a brain area that has been shown to initiate cortico-thalamic bursting activity loops which is typically linked to absence seizures. In line with the results obtained in neuronal cortical cultures, SINEUPs restored the decay time of inhibitory currents in het-α1 KO mice, by bringing the values of the decay time constant in haploinsufficient mice to those observed in wild type. Overall, these results indicate the SINEUP technology has the potential to reduce seizures in GABRA1-dependent EEs thus representing a strong candidate to address a wide range of severe and untreatable genetic epilepsies.
Abstract per il pubblico laico:
Ripristino dell'inibizione sinaptica mediante "non-coding RNA" come terapia delle epilessie genetiche con mutazioni in GABRA1 Un ampio spettro di epilessie di origine genetica è associato a mutazioni a carico di GABRA1, un gene che codifica per la subunità α1 del recettore GABAA e che ricopre un ruolo fondamentale nel mediare l'inibizione nel cervello. Mutazioni su GABRA1 inducono la perdita della funzione inibitoria del recettore GABAA rappresentando quindi una possibile causa di scariche epilettiche. In tali condizioni, una naturale strategia di intervento in soggetti con mutazioni su GABRA1 sarebbe di incrementare l'espressione di α1, al fine di restaurare il corretto livello di inibizione e revertire il fenotipo epilettico. In questo progetto abbiamo seguito tale strategia terapeutica, sfruttando la tecnologia SINEUP che consiste nell'utilizzo di molecole di RNA capaci di incrementare l'espressione di specifici geni bersaglio. Abbiamo già identificato delle SINEUPs che aumentano l'espressione di α1 (SINEUP-GABRA1). Al fine di validare in fase pre-clinica l'uso di SINEUP-GABRA1 per il trattamento delle forme di epilessia dipendenti dalle mutazioni sul gene GABRA1, ci siamo avvalsi di topi epilettici deficitari di GABRA1. In questo modello preclinico di epilessia, abbiamo quindi studiato la capacità di SINEUP-GABRA1 di recuperare il tono inibitorio nella regione corticale somatosensoriale primaria, una delle principali regioni cerebrali coinvolte nell'iniziazione delle scariche epilettiche (crisi di assenza). Tale validazione di SINEUP-GABRA1 in modelli animali ci permette di proporre la strategia SINEUP come una terapia innovativa, versatile e personalizzata per trattare diversi tipi di epilessia incluso gravi encefalopatie epilettiche per le quali ad oggi non esistono trattamenti efficaci.
References:
- Myers KA, Johnstone DL, Dyment DA. Epilepsy genetics: Current knowledge, applications, and future directions. https://doi.org10.1111/cge.13414. - Turner TJ, et al. Recent advances in gene therapy for neurodevelopmental disorders with epilepsy. https://doi.org10.1111/jnc.15168. - Bai YF, et al. Pathophysiology of and therapeutic options for a GABRA1 variant linked to epileptic encephalopathy. https://doi.org10.1186/s13041-019-0513-9 - Zucchelli S, et al. SINEUPs: A new class of natural and synthetic antisense long non-coding RNAs that activate translation. https://doi.org10.1080/15476286.2015.1060395. - Chiu CQ, Barberis A, Higley MJ. Preserving the balance: diverse forms of long-term GABAergic synaptic plasticity. https://doi.org10.1038/s41583-019-0141-5. - Arain F, Zhou C, Ding L, Zaidi S, Gallagher MJ. The developmental evolution of the seizure phenotype and cortical inhibition in mouse models of juvenile myoclonic epilepsy. https://doi.org10.1016/j.nbd.2015.05.016.
Disease Name:
Epilepsy
Nome malattia:
Epilessia