This longitudinal study identified distinct parent-child dyadic filial piety belief profiles, and the family dynamics and psychological outcomes correlated across two waves. Using a dyadic approach, 317 Chinese parent-child pairs (adult children aged 18-29) completed measures of dual filial piety (reciprocal and authoritarian), parent-child relationship quality, and subjective well-being at Wave 1, with 153 dyads retained at Wave 2, completing the same measures and mental health measures. Latent profile analysis revealed three typologies at Wave 1: Discrepant Reciprocal, Discrepant Strong Filial, and Similar Authoritarian. Wave 2 profiles shifted to Discrepant Authoritarian, Similar Balanced, and Discrepant Low Reciprocal. Significant between-profile differences emerged in both parents' and adult children's perceptions of parent-child relationship quality, mental health, and subjective well-being. This research highlights how dual filial piety beliefs (mis)alignment dynamically shapes relational and psychological adjustment across emerging adulthood. Practical implications for family counseling and intergenerational intervention programs are discussed.