804 - THE LOGIC OF TOLERANCE: SYSTEMS THEORY PERSPECTIVE ON SEXUAL HARASSMENT TOLERANCE IN SERVICE INDUSTRY

Session: D01S024 - Decent work in organizations 1
AUTHORS:
Korsak Megan (University of Texas at Arlington ~ Arlington, Texas ~ United States of America) , Martinez Larry (University of Texas at Arlington ~ Arlington, Texas ~ United States of America)
Abstract text:
Sexual harassment is a persistent and pervasive challenge for service industry employees. In the United States (US), the service industry (e.g., restaurants, bars) accounts for the highest proportion of sexual harassment lawsuits, representing 14% of total claims filed between 2005 and 2015 (Center for American Progress, 2017). Yet, when examined globally, reported rates of harassment in service contexts vary considerably, with 30-70% of restaurant employees regularly experiencing harassment (EU Parliament, 2023; Holubová & Gotthardová, 2025). These variations highlight the cultural and systemic factors shaping both the prevalence and tolerance of harassment. In the US, legislation and capitalistic policies often perpetuate a culture of tolerance, pushing many workers into compliance. For instance, servers in Europe receive base salaries that support livable wages and retain the agency to refuse service to abusive customers. In contrast, US servers typically earn minimum wage plus customer tips, with many still falling below the poverty line. Because livable wages depend heavily on tips, the service culture in the US reinforces norms such as "the customer is always right" and the expectation that service should be delivered "with a smile." These contextual conditions leave US service staff uniquely vulnerable to harassment. In response, our proposed Logic of Tolerance model identifies factors across individual, organizational, industry, social, and legal levels that facilitate harassment incidents. The model underscores how systemic conditions—such as economic dependence on customers, cultural norms of service, and limited organizational protections—intersect to normalize and exacerbate harassment. This framework makes a novel contribution by integrating insights from social work, clinical psychology, and trauma-informed approaches into organizational and management literatures. In doing so, it represents an initial step toward addressing the structural and cultural conditions that allow sexual harassment to persist in the workplace.