Several studies have shown that acoustic analysis of infant vocal productions provides valuable insights into early developmental processes. This line of research suggests that protophones may serve as early markers of typical and atypical development. Acoustic measures allow researchers to identify characteristics linked to developmental trajectories as well as potential early indicators of neurodevelopmental disorders. Because detailed descriptions of these acoustic components have only recently been explored, a systematic review was conducted to examine the methodologies applied in studies of infant vocal productions from 0 to 12 months of age, including sample characteristics, data processing, acoustic features analyzed, statistical approaches, limitations, and reported findings. Searches were conducted in Web of Science, Scopus, and ProQuest without year restrictions, targeting article titles, abstracts, and keywords. Inclusion criteria focused on studies involving infants within the target age range, using acoustic methods to analyze vocalizations. Exclusion criteria encompassed studies including other age ranges, non-articles, unavailable studies, nonhuman or animal research, interactional or behavioral analyses, samples with motor or hearing disorders, airway malformations, reliance on phonetic transcription alone, or use of simulations and secondary datasets. A total of 125 studies were screened, of which 9 met all inclusion criteria. These studies were characterized by small sample sizes, reliance on manual segmentation, and lack of environmental control in naturalistic recordings, all of which restrict generalizability. Additional issues were limited longitudinal follow-up and insufficient reporting of experimental conditions. Considerable methodological heterogeneity was observed, leading to a qualitative rather than quantitative synthesis. Notably, several studies reported significant differences in acoustic parameters across groups, underscoring the need for continued investigation. Future research should focus on developing a replicable methodological framework to define acoustic patterns of protophones and their associations with neurodevelopment.