Introduction: This study examines the living conditions of young people in Spain who have exited the Child Protection System, particularly those who experienced residential care. It highlights their vulnerability to poverty and social exclusion, emphasizing the need for targeted support and policy reform.
Purpose: Analyze the socioeconomic status of care leavers using national statistics and AROPE indicators.; Demonstrate how continued support beyond age 18 can improve integration and reduce vulnerability.
Method: The research is divided into two phases: Phase I uses quantitative data from the Spanish National Statistics Institute (INE), focusing on individuals over 26 who were in residential care. Phase II involves qualitative insights from 27 discussion groups, including professionals and care leavers aged 18-25 and over 25, coordinated by Aldeas Infantiles SOS.
Results: Care leavers show significantly higher AROPE rates (40.9%) than the general population (24.5%), with elevated risks in poverty, material deprivation, and low work intensity. They face challenges in education, employment, housing, and mental health. Despite these barriers, 59.1% have successfully broken the cycle of intergenerational poverty. The study also reveals statistical invisibility of care leavers under 26 and the need for better data collection
Conclusions: Care leavers are the most vulnerable social group in Spain. Early and sustained support—especially in housing, education, employment, and mental health—is crucial. The report calls for policy changes, including extending care until age 25, recognizing care leavers as a vulnerable group, and ensuring their participation in decision-making. Reducing stigma and addressing care leaver's mental health also identified as a priority. Programs like those from Aldeas Infantiles SOS demonstrate that with the right support, care leavers can thrive.