Ambitious transport policy is widely considered necessary but politically constrained by assumed public resistance. Moving beyond individualistic explanations of policy acceptance, this study investigates whether citizens adopt a civic-collectivistic perspective when evaluating transport policies and whether policy literacy shapes their support. Drawing on a representative online survey of 2,041 Austrian residents, we examine the determinants of acceptance for an overall policy package and eleven specific policies (e.g., speed limits, fuel tax, road pricing, public transport improvements). Controlling for established determinants (e.g. socio-economics, environmental attitudes, trust in government, effectiveness), we introduce three underexplored determinants: collective efficacy, differentiated responsibility, and policy literacy. Policy literacy is operationalized as the correspondence between respondents' subjective ranking of policy effectiveness and expert-based objective rankings. Socio-economic characteristics explain little variance in acceptance. Perceived co-benefits and effectiveness emerge as the strongest determinants, replicating previous acceptance research. Collective efficacy and differentiated responsibility exhibit small but significant unique effects, particularly for support of overall policy packages. Policy literacy varies substantially across individuals and is, on average, low: respondents produce near-random rankings of policy effectiveness. Nevertheless, higher policy literacy is consistently associated with higher policy acceptance. Citizens seem to consider public interests besides their private needs when evaluating transport policy. However, they hold widespread misconceptions about policy effectiveness. Their substantial deficiencies in policy literacy may lead to political frustration, when citizens demand policies that they believe to be effective, but these policies have little actual impact. Transport and climate policy should therefore communicate more explicitly in terms of common goods and should deploy educative formats that explain not only expected policy impacts but also underlying mechanisms.