Introduction. Immersive Virtual Nature (IVN) has emerged as a promising tool to promote well-being and nature connectedness. However, little is known about potential seasonal influences, either in relation to the seasonal theme of the virtual scenario or the time of year when exposure occurs.
Purpose. This study investigated the extent to which the seasonal theme and timing of exposure influence the psychological outcomes of a brief IVN experience.
Methods. A total of 108 university students (64% female; age = 25.7±7.3 years) were recruited in early spring (March 18 - April 9) or early autumn (September 28 - October 17), periods characterized by comparable environmental conditions and academic workload. Within each period, participants viewed a 3-minute 360° video of a local urban forest, presented in either a summer ("green") or winter ("white") version. Outcomes included affect (positive affect, negative affect, tranquillity, and fatigue), perceived stress, nature connectedness, intention to perform green exercise, and intention to visit the location. Two-way ANOVA with post hoc analysis was used to test for possible pre-post changes and their interactions with theme (green vs. white) and period (spring vs. autumn).
Results. Significant pre-post improvements were found for all outcomes except positive affect and intention to perform green exercise. No significant pre-post by theme interactions were observed. A significant pre-post by period interaction was found for perceived stress (F(1,104) = 7.32; p = 0.008), with greater reductions in early spring compared to early autumn. No other significant pre-post by period interaction was found.
Conclusions. A brief IVN experience can elicit beneficial psychological responses regardless of the seasonal theme depicted. However, the magnitude of some responses may vary across the year. Further research is needed to clarify patterns of seasonal variation in IVN experiences. This study advances the understanding of IVN as a medium for promoting well-being and nature connectedness.
Key-words: Inclusion with nature, Nature exposure, Students health, Virtual nature, Virtual reality