This study explores the interplay between perceived safety, age, and job demands in
shaping work ability among older workers. This topic is of increasing relevance given
the ageing workforce. Utilising the Job Demands-Resources (JDR) model, the study
investigates the moderating effect of cognitive and physical job demands on the
relationship between safety perception and work ability. The research is grounded in
survey data collected from 340 employees at a manufacturing facility in Northern Italy.

The findings of the study reveal a significant three-way interaction between perceived
safety, age, and cognitive demands. Specifically, older workers with lower cognitive
demands were more dependent on high safety perceptions to sustain work ability, while
cognitive demands played a more crucial role for those with average or above-average
cognitive abilities. Conversely, physical demands exhibited a consistently detrimental
effect on work ability, irrespective of perceived safety or age.

These results underscore the multifaceted nature of factors influencing work ability in
older employees, emphasising the necessity for customised interventions that address
safety perceptions, cognitive abilities, and job demands. Consequently, the enhancement
of safety culture, the implementation of ergonomic modifications, and the provision of
cognitive support within the workplace can assist in the mitigation of age-related
declines in work ability.

This study makes a valuable contribution to the understanding of the challenges faced
by older workers and offers insights into the design of inclusive occupational health
policies. Future research should further investigate the intersection of individual and
environmental factors in shaping work outcomes.