Introduction. With the acceleration of hybrid work in the post-pandemic era, organizations are facing new challenges in managing team processes. Hybrid teams, in which different combinations of members alternate between in-person and remote work, integrate physical and virtual interactions, exposing themselves to subgroup risks, low cohesion, reduced information sharing, and team commitment. The Input-Mediator-Output (IMO) framework, widely used in the study of traditional and virtual teams, has been little used to investigate group processes in hybrid teams.
Objectives. Referring to the model of Kozlowski and Bell (2019) and using the IMO framework, a scoping review was conducted that analyzed the literature on five team processes (collaboration, conflict, cooperation, coordination, interactions) in hybrid contexts. The aim was to identify which input factors influence team processes and the effects of these processes on individual and group outcomes in hybrid teams.
Method. The PRISMA-ScopinReview guidelines were followed. The keywords used in Scopus and Web of Science identified 1,022 articles published between 2009 and 2024; 111 studies were deemed relevant, and 19 empirical articles were ultimately selected for full-text analysis.
Results. Three main categories of input factors emerged: organizational (e.g., physical location, spatial design, task interdependence), behavioral (e.g., informal interactions, leader behavior, common ground), and cognitive (e.g., shared identity, collaboration readiness). The identified outputs include productivity, organizational commitment, and performance.
Limitations. The scoping review was based on a limited number of studies (n=19). Most of the reviewed research focuses on communication and collaboration processes in hybrid teams, while a lack of work on conflict and cooperation processes was highlighted.
Innovative Aspects. The study presents a systematic review that lists the input and outcome factors of six group processes in hybrid teams, applying an IMO approach.