Systems that combine physical activity with immersive virtual nature, or Virtual Green Exercise (VGE), hold potential for applications in sport, exercise, and rehabilitation. However, empirical evidence on the benefits of VGE remains limited, and various design and implementation challenges hinder progress in the field. Drawing on two studies involving different state-of-the-art VGE installations, this presentation will: (i) review evidence on the effectiveness and benefits of VGE, and (ii) discuss current limitations and future perspectives for its practical application.
Developed by an interdisciplinary team at the University of Inland Norway, the GreenVR and the GGR Experiential Showcase are highly immersive virtual systems integrated with motion interfaces that enable users to navigate the virtual world through bodily movements. These installations were evaluated through a randomized controlled trial (n = 60) and a field study (n = 139), respectively, assessing user experience, affective responses, and nature connectedness outcomes.
Both installations elicited a strong sense of presence and high levels of perceived environmental restorativeness, as well as psychological benefits such as enjoyment and improved affect. They also led to acute increases in nature connectedness and intention to perform green exercise. However, the capacity of VGE to provide psychophysiological benefits beyond those of physical activity alone appears limited. Some participants reported cybersickness and bodily incoherence, which constrained the type and intensity of activity and detracted from the experience. Moreover, it remains unclear whether short-term increases in nature connectedness and exercise intention translate into sustained behavioural change.
In conclusion, VGE shows promise as a tool in health and sports contexts. While technical constraints currently limit its effective and safe deployment, ongoing advancements in immersive technologies provide grounds for cautious optimism. Continued research is needed to clarify long-term effects, mitigate side effects, and address ethical concerns, including the environmental impact of hardware production and digital infrastructure.