Recurrent droughts in Uganda's ASAL regions, intensified by climate change, have led to food insecurity, livestock deaths, and mass displacement. While the economic losses are well-documented, the psychological effects on affected populations—particularly farmers, pastoralists, and children—receive limited attention. Using mixed methods research, this study assesses depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) prevalence among drought-impacted communities in Northern Uganda. Findings indicate strong associations between food insecurity, hopelessness, and elevated suicide ideation. The paper emphasizes culturally grounded interventions, including community-based resilience programs, psychosocial first aid, and integration of indigenous coping practices into mental health response. Policy recommendations include embedding mental health within Uganda's National Climate Change Action Plan.