Low incomes are a chronic stressor for many people and consistently associated with negative health and well-being outcomes. Nevertheless, there is evidence that living near and/or interacting with publicly accessible nature (e.g. parks, woods, coasts) can reduce, or buffer, the negative effects of low income on mental health and well-being with resilience-related processes used to explain these effects. Using data from over 30,000 participants in the UK's People and Nature Survey (PaNS), we explored the potential role of private nature, i.e. gardens, in buffering the negative effects of low income on subjective well-being. Specifically, we modelled the extent to which time spent in private gardens, and degree to which people engaged in pro-nature gardening (e.g. feeding birds, encouraging pollinators, etc.) might moderate the relations between income and evaluative, eudaimonic, and positive and negative hedonic well-being. Supporting predictions, lower incomes were associated with lower well-being (on all four outcomes), but this pattern was moderated by time in gardens, and degree of pro-nature gardening at least for evaluative, eudaimonic, and positive hedonic well-being. Spending more time in the garden, and engaging in more pro-nature gardening both reduced the association between low incomes and well-being. The results for negative well-being (i.e. anxiety yesterday) were more mixed, potentially reflecting reverse causality. Results support nature-based resilience theory (NBRT), and highlight that private, as well as public, nature can build and maintain resilience resources that mitigate the effect of stressors on well-being. Given the cross-sectional nature of the data, we encourage more longitudinal work to confirm these findings, and of course recognize equity issues in terms of garden access. Nonetheless, given that gardens may be particularly important for certain population sections (e.g. older adults, small children, those with mobility issues), efforts to support pro-nature gardening, in particular, can potentially play a role in reducing well-being inequalities.