Introduction: Caste is deeply rooted social structure in India, influencing perceptions and interactions between communities. Urbanization is often associated with modernization and equality, caste-based biases and discrimination still persist, shaping the daily lives and attitudes of individuals in urban .
Purpose: The primary objective of this research is to examine inter-caste perceptions among urban residents and to identify key themes such as discrimination, cultural practices, views on reservation, and attitudes towards inter-caste marriage that reveal the ongoing relevance of caste in urban India. Method: The study employed a qualitative research design, involving in-depth interviews with 30 participants from different caste backgrounds residing in urban areas. Thematic analysis was conducted to identify the prevalence of various perceptions and experiences. Result: More than fifty percent of participants reported experiencing unequal treatment based on caste, which was often expressed through subtle forms of exclusion and implicit bias. A substantial number of respondents conveyed perceptions of inequality rooted in structural and social systems, citing issues such as caste-based reservation, inter-caste conflict, and the development of an inferiority complex among marginalized groups. Religious practices, family, education, and occupational settings emerge as major domains where caste distinctions were actively felt. Majority of respondents endorsed it as a meaningful step towards social integration and erosion of caste boundaries. Some participants viewed reservation as a source of division. When discussing solutions to casteism, participants emphasized the need for a shift in societal mentality, raising awareness, fostering inclusive education and promoting intercaste interactions. Conclusion: The findings suggest that caste-based perceptions and discrimination remain prevalent in urban India, despite increased exposure to modern values. While there is growing support for progressive ideals such as inter-caste marriage and equality, resistance to reservation and entrenched biases highlights the need for continued efforts in education, awareness, and personal transformation to overcome casteism.