Errors are not rare in a work environment, and how an organization handles its culture regarding employee mistakes may impact their subsequent performance. This study focuses on exploring the culture of error prevention. Error prevention culture aims to minimize errors, and thus, people who make errors are more likely to be punished. Intuitively, an error prevention culture is likely to trigger a sense of threat and pressure among employees, leading to an aversion to making mistakes. These factors may drain personal energy resources, thereby reducing one's ability to learn from errors. However, in accordance with the advocates of the Conservation of Resources (COR) theory, traits like conscientiousness and mindfulness can serve as positive personal resources that help employees reduce psychological strain and meet work demands. Thus, this study examines whether these two traits moderate the relationship between error prevention culture and learning from errors. In this study, surveys are distributed through a market research company, collecting data at two time points with a 6-week interval. The participants were limited to working adults, with a total of 399 participants included in the data analysis. The results showed that there were no significant main effects. Although this result was surprising, it also indicates that an error prevention culture does not necessarily lead to employees' reluctance to learn from mistakes. Furthermore, neither of the two moderating variables showed significant moderation effects. Nevertheless, the results show that both conscientiousness and mindfulness traits help individuals perform better in learning after making mistakes. Therefore, it is recommended that organizations consider evaluating applicants' conscientiousness trait when recruiting employees. Additionally, for existing employees, implementing simple mindfulness interventions may help improve both short-term and long-term physical and mental health, allowing them to replenish their energy to face challenges and, in turn, have more resources to solve problems.