The field of psychology is increasingly recognized for its vital role in society's sustainable development, contributing to health and wellness, resilient institutions, and balanced socio-economic progress. As a result, there is a growing attention on the education and training of emerging psychology professionals. In fact, there is a movement to develop a competency model for psychology undergraduates that can serve as a guide in international, local, and regional contexts. Psychological literacy is largely shaped through the curriculum, and this study specifically examines how work-integrated learning (WIL)—such as internships, service learning, and research assistantships—contributes to psychological literacy (PL) and how this, in turn, influences career decision self-efficacy (CDSE) among undergraduate psychology students.
Data were collected from 833 undergraduate psychology students from Chinese universities who participated in structured WIL experiences. The study employed a quantitative, cross-sectional design and used Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling via SmartPLS4. Two models were tested: Model 1, which conceptualized PL as eight attributes, and Model 2, which treated PL as four dimensions, following Harris (2021). Validated Chinese versions of the WIL, PL, and CDSE scales were used.
Results for Model 1 showed acceptable fit (SRMR = 0.050 for the saturated model; 0.091 for the estimated model), with strong reliability and validity. Bootstrapping results confirmed a partial mediation effect: WIL significantly influenced CDSE through specific PL attributes, including scientific understanding, research skills, multiple perspectives, ethical and cultural awareness, and real-world solutions. Model 2 also demonstrated a good fit (SRMR = 0.045 saturated; 0.082 estimated), with strong reliability. Bootstrapping again showed a partial mediation model, indicating that WIL impacted CDSE primarily through the development, confidence, and importance dimensions of PL.
This study provides valuable and actionable insights for educational institutions and professional bodies to ensure the development of psychological literacy competencies that contribute to career-ready psychology professionals.