Introduction:
This qualitative survey explored to understand societies' perceptions, experiences on gender, and factors shaping mental-health outcomes. Among these were prevalence of alcohol and substance use, anxiety, depression and suicidal ideation. Additionally, this study explored source and impact of gender-based violence in the community.
Objectives:
To explore community knowledge, perceptions, and attitudes in relation to mental-health; examine help-seeking behaviors, existing support systems, and barriers to accessing care; and assess gender on mental-health impact.
Methodology:
This descriptive qualitative study executed between December 2022 and February 2023 in Kenya. Data collection was acquired through 16 key informant interviews and 15 focus group discussions, comprising a total of 31 interviews of participants aged 21 to 64 years. Participants included healthcare workers, religious leaders, community-based organization representatives, community health promoters, and other community members. Thematic analysis was performed on key patterns and gendered experiences.
Results:
Themes revealed limited mental-health literacy, immense sense of stigma, extreme reliance on traditional and religious healing. COVID-19 intensified economic stress, domestic violence and caregiving burdens, especially among women. Men coped privately through substance and alcohol use and avoidance, women on the other hand faced compounded stress from caregiving, financial insecurity, and social isolation. Barriers to care included stigma, cultural norms, discouraging disclosure, limited services, financial constraints, and inadequate health-worker training. Physical, verbal and sexual abuse against women associated with persistent gender inequality, economic dependence, and cultural tolerance of violence.
Conclusion:
Findings underscore the urgent need for gender-responsive mental health promotion, community sensitization, and capacity-building of both frontline workers and spiritual leaders and traditional healers. Integration of mental health into community structures, strengthening social protection, and addressing gender-based violence to improve mental-wellbeing across communities in Kenya.