Introduction
The DSM-5 Alternative Model and the ICD-11 classification of personality disorders are largely compatible, jointly identifying six trait domains - negative affectivity, detachment, antagonism/dissociality, disinhibition, anankastia, and psychoticism - that reflect distinct styles of personality dysfunction. To assess these shared domains, the PID5BF+M was developed and has been internationally validated in adult populations. Empirical evidence supports its utility in evaluating the severity and stylistic expression of personality dysfunction in adults.
Purpose
This study presents the first normative data for the Portuguese adaptation of the PID5BF+M in a community-based adolescent sample aged 11 to 18 years.
Method
The sample included 34 adolescents (14 males, 20 females) who completed the research protocol via the Qualtrics online platform, following ethics committee approval, parental consent, and adolescent assent.
Internal consistency was used to assess reliability. Convergent and discriminant validity were examined through associations between the six personality trait domains and conceptually related constructs: sensory processing sensitivity and adverse childhood experiences.
Results
The total PID5BF+M score demonstrated high internal consistency, with domain-level alpha coefficients ranging from moderate to good. Higher levels of personality dysfunction were significantly associated with increased sensory processing sensitivity and a greater number of adverse childhood experiences. Specifically, sensory processing sensitivity was positively correlated with Negative Affectivity, Detachment, Disinhibition, Psychoticism, and Anankastia. Additionally, the number of adverse childhood experiences was significantly associated with higher scores across all dysfunctional trait domains except Detachment.
Conclusions
Despite the small sample size, these preliminary findings support the psychometric adequacy of the Portuguese PID5BF+M and underscore its potential utility for assessing personality functioning in adolescents.