Ongoing conflicts have made Türkiye both a refuge and, more often, a transit zone for various refugee groups. Research shows that examining the antecedents of negative attitudes towards refugees is crucial for promoting intergroup harmony. However, while most existing studies focus on perceptions of threat, relatively little attention has been paid to the potential benefits of the presence of refugees. This study aimed to investigate anti-refugee attitudes towards Syrian/Palestinian/Ukrainian people and to test the mediating role of Turkish people's perceptions of the realistic/symbolic benefits they derive from the presence of refugees in the relationship between ethnic/political identifications and anti-refugee attitudes. After obtaining ethical approval, 336 Turkish university students (186 women, 150 men, aged 18 to 44 years, M = 24.56, SD = 6.11) responded to the scales online. According to the main results, anti-refugee attitudes towards Syrians were stronger than those towards Palestinians and Ukrainians. Second, Turkish people's perceptions of realistic (economic) and symbolic (cultural) benefits were stronger for Ukrainians, Palestinians, and Syrians, respectively. Lastly, symbolic benefit perceptions were stronger than realistic benefit perceptions. Based on the multiple mediation models, people who were more strongly attached to Turkish identity were less likely to associate the presence of Syrian, Palestinian (excluding realistic benefit), and Ukrainian refugees with realistic and symbolic benefits. In turn, these people were more likely to express anti-refugee attitudes. Moreover, people who more strongly identified with right-wing political ideology were more likely to perceive the presence of Syrian and Palestinian refugees as realistic and symbolic benefits. In turn, these people were more likely to accept Syrian and Palestinian people. Lastly, people with right-wing political ideology were less likely to perceive Ukrainian refugees as a symbolic benefit and more likely to indicate anti-refugee attitudes. The study results are expected to be useful for researchers/professionals working on related topics.