Global displacement has reached its highest recorded level, and children from migrant and refugee backgrounds, whether first or second generation, face varying social, emotional, and psychological challenges when adapting to a new environment. Despite evidence on the benefits of Mindfulness-Based Art Interventions (MBAI) for general child populations, limited research has explored their relevance for children from migrant and refugee backgrounds. This study explored the anticipated impact and design considerations of MBAI for this young population.


Children's perspectives are often underrepresented in intervention design. To address this gap, this study used a participatory approach to shift from top-down assumptions to co-informed knowledge. Fourteen children aged 8-12, primarily from Afghan backgrounds living in Australia, took part in focus groups, including mindfulness-based art activities. In addition, interviews were conducted with migrant and refugee parents (n=3), educators (n=8), and experts (n=13). An Afghan community researcher was employed to ensure cultural competency. Data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.


A theory of change was developed by triangulating three data sources: the existing evidence on MBAI outcomes for children gathered through a systematic review, the identified challenges of migrant and refugee children, and the anticipated outcomes of MBAI for this young population. The framework highlights how MBAI may support wellbeing through reducing anxiety, enhancing self-expression and emotion regulation, strengthening a sense of belonging and social connection, and fostering a sense of agency. This study also offered practical design strategies such as creative non-verbal activities, group-based support, and trauma-informed, culturally responsive practices.


Overall, the study demonstrates that this intervention not only benefits children in general populations but also can be adapted to the specific needs and lived experiences of children from migrant and refugee backgrounds. It highlights a scalable, low-cost intervention that can support this young population who may otherwise not receive the support they need.