In the current world wide, depression of children and adolescent has emerged as a significant public health concern. The development and progression of depression result from the complex interplay of biological, psychological, and social factors. The present study adopts a longitudinal design and advances a multifactorial framework that integrates social, psychological, and biological factors, thereby providing both an integrative and developmental perspective on adolescent depression. Specifically, the present study examined the relationship between parental psychological control and adolescent depressive symptoms over time. In addition, it investigates whether emotional resilience mediates this relationship and whether gender moderate this relationship. According to cross-lagged panel model, we found that parental psychological control could affect children's depression through emotional resilience. Psychological control and depression lead to subsequent declines in emotional resilience, which can further damage their future mental health. Meanwhile, the weakened resilience was related to subsequent higher perceived levels of psychological control, making children sinking into a spiral of worsening. This study further revealed that the longitudinal associations between parental psychological control, depression, and emotional resilience differed between boys and girls. Boys' emotional resilience was stably and negatively predicted by previous psychological control and depression. However, for girls, while their resilience was also influenced by the two factors, this influence seemed to be less stable. This result might indicate that, when facing negative emotion and outside control, girls show better emotion abilities, which make their resilience is less affected. This might be related to different social supports of males and females. Males prefer to establish a differentiation between themselves and others, whereas females prefer to establish connectedness with others. By uncovering the developmental pathways between parental psychological control and children's depression, this study aims to contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of children's mental health and provides insights of prevention efforts of depression.