Fertility intentions serve as a critical predictor of fertility behaviors. While numerous studies
have examined the predictive utility of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) in predicting fertility
intentions, empirical findings remain inconsistent. To systematically assess the explanatory power of the
TPB in explaining fertility intentions, this study employed a three-level meta-analysis approach using
random effects model, synthesizing data from 33 studies encompassing 128 effect sizes and 47, 923
participants. Results revealed significant associations between TPB components and fertility intentions, with
attitude demonstrating the strongest correlation (r+ = 0.41), followed by subjective norms (r+ = 0.30) and
perceived behavioral control (r+ = 0.23). Moderator analyses indicated that gender, childbearing history, and
GDP per capita significantly influenced the strength of these relationships, but not by individualistcollectivist cultural background or temporal framing. These findings elucidates the relationship between
TPB variables and fertility intentions, providing theoretical support for future interventions aimed at
enhancing fertility intentions and the construction of a fertility-friendly society.