Many people do not take evacuation action even if they sense danger during a disaster. This discrepancy between cognition and behavior is a major problem for safety and evacuation behavior. This study aims to investigate the contextual factors that inhibit an individual's decision regarding safety and evacuation behaviors during a disaster. Specifically, this study examines the influences of temporal and spatial contexts of a disaster encounter on safety and evacuation behaviors, by simulating the time course of a torrential rain disaster using ecological momentary assessment (EMA). A total of 130 respondents participated in the EMA over two consecutive days, comprising four measurement sessions. In addition to the contextual variables at the time of measurement, risk perception, crisis feelings toward the disaster, choices related to safety and evacuation behaviors, and behavioral intentions were measured. The measurement sessions were conducted at four different levels of disaster risk over a period of time (up to emergency safety measures). Main results indicated that risk perception and crisis feelings increased with the escalation of disaster risk. The rate of selecting safety and evacuation behaviors was correspondingly higher. However, the selection rate of those behaviors varied depending on the spatial context of the disaster encounter, such as whether the respondents were in transit or at home. Especially, respondents at home were less likely to take the necessary safety and evacuation behaviors. In conclusion, higher levels of risk and crisis feelings were associated with more frequent decisions to undertake safety and evacuation behaviors. However, independent of risk perception and crisis feelings, these decisions may be inhibited by the spatial context in which people encounter a disaster, leading to variations in behavioral choices. This study suggests the importance of designing risk communication that takes into account temporal and spatial contexts to promote safety and evacuation behavior during disasters.