This study focuses on the influence of factors related to work-life balance (WLB) on the work engagement of essential workers in healthcare. Previous studies have shown that WLB significantly increases work engagement. However, they have adopted a variety of approaches to measuring WLB. The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of (a) the number of perceived WLB support programs in the workplace and (b) satisfaction with the ease of use of WLB support programs on work engagement among healthcare essential workers in Japan. Data were collected through an online survey of 3,000 essential workers in Japan. From these respondents, the analytic sample was limited to healthcare workers, resulting in 1,984 participants with complete data for all analysis items (valid response rate: 66.1%). The sample consisted of 818 care workers, 801 nurses, and 365 doctors. In this study, analyses were conducted separately for each occupation in order to examine differences in the effects depending on the occupation. Results of the multiple regression analyses showed that satisfaction with the ease of use of WLB support programs had a significant positive effect on work engagement across all occupations. On the other hand, the number of perceived WLB support programs in the workplace had a significant positive effect on work engagement only in the analysis of nurses. These findings suggest that, among factors related to WLB, satisfaction with ease of use of WLB programs plays a particularly important role in enhancing work engagement. In contrast, WLB support programs themselves have only a limited influence on work engagement, and this influence may vary according to occupation. The practical implication of this study is that such programs should not only be introduced but also operated effectively.