This study investigated the impact of trait anxiety on task-switching performance during the classification of letters and digits. Based on Trait Anxiety Inventory (TAI) scores, sixty participants (42 females; mean age = 21.70 years) were assigned to low trait anxiety (LTA; n = 30) and HTA (n = 30) groups. The experiment included three phases: a single-task phase (single trials), a mixed-task phase (repeat and switch trials), and a reverse stimulus-response rule phase. The mixed phase consisted of one predictable clockwise mixed block and one unpredictable random mixed block. Performance was evaluated using accuracy and Inverse Efficiency Scores (IES). The study calculated global switch costs (repeat trials versus single trials) and local switch costs (switch trials versus repeat trials). We hypothesized that trait anxiety primarily affects endogenous rather than exogenous control processes. The high trait anxiety (HTA) group was expected to experience greater difficulty in conditions requiring increased endogenous control, such as the random mixed block and reverse rule phases. Results indicated that LTA individuals consistently achieved higher accuracy and faster IES than HTA individuals. This advantage was most pronounced in repeat and switch trials but not in single trials. In predictable clockwise conditions, LTA individuals demonstrated lower global and local switch costs across both original and reverse rule conditions. Although HTA participants could remember reversed rules, they exhibited significantly higher local switch costs in predictable conditions during rule reversal, suggesting reduced efficiency in extracting task sets during switching. LTA individuals were more adept at leveraging predictability to optimize task switching. In unpredictable contexts, both LTA and HTA groups showed similar immediate task-switching costs. These findings suggest that high trait anxiety undermines task-switching efficiency, especially when active cognitive reconfiguration and rule reversal are required.