This paper intends to explore the enduring influence of the imago Dei motif from Genesis 1:26-28 on theological anthropology, examining its interpretation and implications across biblical, patristic, and rabbinic traditions. While secularization reshapes Christian anthropologies into modern concepts like human dignity, the imago Dei remains structurally linked to its theological origins, highlighting humanity's unique relational, functional, and ontological dimensions. This analysis juxtaposes the biblical narrative's anthropocentric stewardship mandate with critiques of ecological and ethical responsibility, arguing for a theocentric reinterpretation. Historical exegeses by Church Fathers and rabbinic Midrashim are compared, revealing how divergent readings shaped the philosophical and cultural ethos of their times. Finally, the paper critiques modern political science's underestimation of theological anthropology's impact on human rights, dignity, and bioethics, asserting that secular frameworks often obscure rather than eliminate their theological underpinnings. This study contributes to understanding the persistence of Christian anthropologies in shaping contemporary socio-political thought.