Britain is one of the northern European monarchies which has a close relationship with a state church: the sovereign must be in communion with the Church of England, has been that Church's 'Supreme Governor' since the sixteenth century Reformation, and must not be a Roman Catholic. The relationship is one described as the Church being 'established'. But English establishment has evolved to the point where, although formally the sovereign still appoints all the senior clergy on the Prime Minister's advice and is committed by a coronation oath to support the Church, the Church is practically autonomous. Moreover, on one side, being faced by greater religious diversification in general and a growing influx of Muslims and other immigrant minorities in particular, Britain is now faced with challenges to traditional forms of church and state relations and issues of how to best comply with legal requirements regarding freedom of religion, non-discrimination, and religious minority flowing from national law, the European Convention on Human Rights, and European Union Law. And on the other side, over the past twenty years, both Labour and Conservative governments have increasingly looked to Christian and non-Christian communities to fill the gaps exposed by a retreating welfare state. While a nominal religious establishment still prevails in England (the Church of England in Wales having been disestablished in 1914), the Church of England is today viewed as merely one element of an increasingly diverse religious melting pot.