Nil Sergeevich Lykoshin (18260-1922), a Russian colonial officer of aristocratic origins, was one of the most influential personalities in the Central Asian region under Russian rule. Commandant of the Amu-Darya Department from 1912 to 1914, Governor-Generalship (Военный губернатор) for the region of Samarkand until 1917, Lykoshin is remembered also as a traveller interested in archeology and ethnography, publishing many works in Russian, so much that it earned him a great reputation as orientalist. This paper will report the understanding of Sufism in Turkestan through Lykoshin's eyes and experience during his travel in the region, comparing it with the specialistic literature on Sufism.