The complex relationship between migration, religious pluralism, and practices such as female genital mutilation (FGM) presents a significant challenge at both the European and Italian levels. As migration reshapes the demographic landscape of Europe, the interaction between diverse cultural and religious backgrounds often leads to social and legal tensions, particularly concerning practices viewed as harmful, like FGM. This research will focus on how certain cultural or religious practices, such as FGM, which may be perceived as acceptable or customary in specific communities, directly conflict with universally recognized human rights standards and the legal frameworks of European Union member states, particularly Italy. The study will examine the factors driving such practices, including religious or cultural justifications, and investigate how the European Union and Italian legal systems respond to these challenges, addressing the tension between respecting cultural diversity and upholding the protection of fundamental human rights.