Panel: THEOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES IN AND FROM CONTEMPORARY ITALIAN LITERATURE



559.1 - NO SPIRIT IN THE WORLD: THE ANTI-THEOLOGICAL IMAGINARY OF ELSA MORANTE'S HISTORY (1974)

AUTHORS:
Walker R. (Trinity College Dublin ~ Dublin ~ Ireland)
Text:
Fifty years since the publication of Elsa Morante's controversial magnum opus History in 1974, it remains perhaps the most closely discussed of her texts. As a condemnation of the violence inherent in human existence and the institutionalised 'History' which encodes these events and their consequences, the novel centres the lives of downtrodden, abandoned individuals grappling with material and spiritual forces beyond their control. This paper aims to situate the text theologically, or rather anti-theologically, for the way in which it undermines all 'master narratives' (Lyotard 1984) including, perhaps most especially, the Christian message of salvation which presents human history as a unifying moral structure directed towards an ultimate good. I will argue that the novel refuses the Rahnerian conception of God's self-communication in Jesus Christ as the divinising 'Spirit' in the world. In their place, the Spirit which is in the Morantian world is rather the malign forces of History and Power, which communicate and uphold a totalising system of oppression, crushing the human spirit and refusing any theological possibility of deification. Supplementing existing readings which consider the religious themes in the text (e.g. Redaelli 2016; Murphy 2024), I will show how, for Morante, the events of the twentieth century reveal a dark truth that 'History continues', all Messiahs die, and none are raised to life.