In the decades after World War II a deeply sectarian form of Roman Catholicism emerged in the American Catholic Church in response to the perceived threats of modern culture. Much like its Protestant analogue (which emerged after 1919), Catholic Fundamentalism was a fragile coalition of anti-modernist activists deeply opposed to increasing pluralism within American society, changes within the Catholic Church itself, and "Liberalism" itself. Indeed, it was the opposition to this latter word itself which united the various individuals and movements that made up this phenomenon. Leonard Feeney,a Jesuit priest working in Cambridge, Massachusetts, embodied its first appearance, and the elements that defined Feeney's "crusade" (sectarianism, primitivism, an a-historical understanding of theological development, and an alliance with political conservatives) defined the movements that came after him.