Human rights are understood differently in China and Europe. After showing these differences, the paper will develop the profile of human rights in European understanding with reference to freedom of religion. Then it will be shown, that this European understanding of freedom of religion also has limits, especially concerning political forms of religious fundamentalism, which are fighting European liberalism. But the paper also will show, how the core of the European understanding of freedom of religion is of interest not only in Europe, but also in China, especially in respect to religious diversity.