The Modern Age (XVIth-XVIII centuries) was a historical era of great transformations, from all points of view: religion, politics, culture, science, law, economy and social structure were affected by massive changes compared to the Middle Ages. It is enough to think of the birth of the modern State, the formation of the Reformed Churches, humanism, scientific, technological and geographical discoveries. In this context, canon law also had to deal with these glaring innovations, sometimes opposing them, sometimes adapting to them. This paper intends to focus on the response and contribution that the science of Italian canon law offered to the Church to confront the great historical transformations of the modern age.