This presentation aims to examine the balance between the "parents' right to educate their children according to their beliefs (hereinafter referred to as 'religious education')" and "children's freedom of religion" by outlining foundational issues and analyzing relevant doctrines in Japan. Since 2022, the so-called "Issues of the Religious Second Generation (children being raised by their parents with a strong religious beliefs)" have drawn significant attention, particularly focusing on the struggles of children born into families devoted to religious organizations such as the Unification Church, Jehovah's Witnesses, and Soka Gakkai. Concerns have been raised that certain educational practices by parents—such as restricting interactions with specific peers or mandating participation in missionary activities—may constitute psychological abuse lacking "social appropriateness." This perspective aligns with the "Religious Second Generation Guidelines" issued by the government in 2022.
However, these measures have also been criticized for potentially unjustly narrowing the scope of parents' rights to religious education. The lack of clear standards to reconcile these two rights has stalled progress in the debate. The speaker acknowledges that a universal framework applicable to all cases does not currently exist, as the diversity of personal faith often exceeds the variety of religions themselves. Consequently, decisions must be made on a case-by-case basis. This presentation specifically analyzes issues arising in the contexts of the Unification Church, Jehovah's Witnesses, and Soka Gakkai to identify patterns and explore potential solutions inductively.