Since the 19th century, philosophical reinterpretations of religious traditions have emerged in various regions of the world, particularly in India, Japan, the Islamic world, Africa and Latin America. In this context, European philosophies, including the ideas of human rights and democracy, have been received and creatively combined with their own traditions of religious thought. In the interreligious dialogues, the demand for a multipolar world society was repeatedly raised, in which the hegemony of Europe and the West was to be overcome. However, with the rise of China, India and other regional powers, a multipolar world has now become a reality in which hopes for peaceful coexistence between religions have remained largely unfulfilled. On the contrary, human rights and democracy are currently being radically called into question in the name of religion in all regions of the world, including in Europe itself, by authoritarian and imperial identity politics. Against this background, an intercultural philosophy of religion today faces the challenge of reflecting anew on the relationship between religion and politics on a global scale.