In the article, Ideology, Hegemony, Discourse: A Critical Review of Theories of Knowledge and Power (2019), Mark Stoddart considers the work of theorists such as Karl Marz, Antonio Gramsci, Frantz Fanon, bell hooks and Donna Harraway amongst others. He highlights the discursive nature and material effects of power and knowledge as he argues it plays out in the daily lives of people in their social relations and engagements. Furthermore, hooks and Harraway raises the importance of race, class and gender in these networks of power and the everyday life. Given the history of imperialism, colonialism and patriarchy, hooks especially views marginality as a significant point of departure for the production of knowledge, engaging resistance to power and domination and envisioning social change.
This paper contends that the encounter between Jesus and the Samaritan Woman in John 4 offers us an engagement with the biblical text as a cultural and religious artefact in which different knowledge systems encounter one another at a specific time, place and context. In this encounter, known for its dynamics of gender, race, culture and religious worship, this contribution will seek to illuminate how the Samaritan Woman and Jesus lead one another to an acquisition of a hybrid knowledge which extend beyond their initial identities and knowledge. Significantly, as many feminist scholars have done, it is important to consider how the Samaritan Woman leads the conversation from her marginal position as a woman and a Samaritan in raising the barriers between her and Jesus by asking: "You are a Jew, and I am a Samaritan woman. How can you ask me for a drink?" (For Jews do not associate with Samaritans). This highlights the real life implications and material effects of their encounter in a situated context which becomes an important feature for engaging the production of knowledge, engaging resistance to power and envisioning social change.