This dissertation examines transformative and conservative frameworks of orientation within mosque communities based on communal conflict lines and areas of tension. The study follows a qualitative-reconstructive approach. Through problem-centered interviews, mosque members, imams, and group leaders were interviewed, allowing for a comparison between two diametrically opposed mosque communities and the reconstruction of their collective frameworks of orientation. The first community is a turkish DITIB-affiliated mosque. The second community is an umbrella-free, multinational, and German-speaking mosque. Collective practical knowledge and persistent discrepancies concerning theological endeavours become apparent on three levels: community practice, religious practice, and socialization. Mosque communities are institutionally embedded in specific contexts, which shape corresponding (re)orientations, (de)legitimations, visions, and ambivalences. Furthermore, fundamental milieu-specific demarcation lines emerge between the communities, influencing their respective approaches to the contextualization of their own traditions. These communities are subject to an ongoing socio-cultural transformation process, significantly shaped by contextual factors such as migrant cultural heritage, (trans)national ties, and the tension between religious autonomy and theological security. In this context, the continuous negotiation, safeguarding, and challenging of community structures and practices—based on collective knowledge—becomes necessary. Implicitly conflicting orientations of action lead to tentative attempts at theological endeavours, which result in complex areas of tension. This study discusses these structures and processes to explore the different forms and outcomes of theological endeavours in contemporary Muslim (minority) communities. The discussion will highlight the significance of socio-cultural changes shaped by nation-states and migration.