With a primary focus on the Baltic states, this paper examines legal discourse and responses in Eastern Europe to real and perceived threats to national security in the context of the Russia-Ukraine war. Historically situated in a challenging geopolitical environment, the Baltic states have faced heightened security concerns due to Russia's full-scale war against Ukraine and hybrid attacks in the region. All three states have also considerable Russian speaking minority. These concerns have prompted various measures, including restrictions on the activities of local religious organizations affiliated with the Moscow Patriarchate. The paper aims to contextualize these measures within international human rights obligations, particularly regarding freedom of religion or belief, freedom of association, and security considerations. It focuses on relevant practices under the European Convention on Human Rights and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. Certain actions taken by Ukraine and Baltic states may raise questions about compliance with international human rights standards. This analysis also explores whether active armed conflict should influence interpretations of freedom of religion or association and examines potential implications for religious organizations' autonomy in affected countries.