The ethical monotheism of the prophets of Israel has become a central theme of both Jewish and Christian religious philosophy in the 20th century. The philosophical reinterpretations of prophetism each articulates three central themes: the experience of social suffering or poverty alongside mortality; the valorization of the practice of justice as knowledge of God; and the messianic vision of the realization of justice. While Hermann Cohen reinterprets prophetism within the framework of a neo-Kantian philosophy, in the thought of Lévinas prophetism becomes the inspiring background for a radical critique of the phenomenology of Husserl and Heidegger. Under the direct influence of Lévinas, Enrique Dussel developed the most important conception of a Latin American philosophy of liberation, in which the critical potential of prophetism flows into Christian and post-colonial thinking.