Panel: THE (FEMALE) ONE: THE EMERGENCE OF FEMALE THEOLOGY IN ANCIENT AFRICAN AND NEAR EASTERN CULTURES



799.3 - FEMININE HATHOR AND ANDROGYNOUS HAPY: THE ACTIVE AND THE RECEPTIVE IN SAHARAN NILE FLOODS

AUTHORS:
Quirke S. (Professor of Egyptology at the UNiversity College London ~ London ~ United Kingdom)
Text:
Across three millennia ancient Egyptian visual and verbal imagery maintains a vital focus on the solar cycle, with two divine protagonists: the sun Ra, and Horus as the king. While both are gendered in language and form as masculine, neither can function without a separate and overriding dimension of power that is gendered in language and form as feminine. The annual river cycle began with extreme heat and, potentially lethal, Nile flood (Hapy). In July the river level sinks lowest, then rises at unpredictable pace, often instigating devastating plagues. In ancient Egyptian wordcraft, fertile-nurturing-serene Beauty (Hathor "domain of Horus"; forms: woman, cow) switches in an instant to rapacious-voracious Fury (Sekhmet "(Al)mighty"; forms: lioness, woman). I draw on insights of Alison Roberts, Ursula Verhoeven and Lana Troy into ancient Egyptian evidence, to consider how past Nile people experienced this decisive divine power over life as feminine. Crossing the divide between perceived types of religions, I compare graffiti at Abydos by Christian Egyptian women on their role in recording the flood. Roberts, A. 1995. Hathor rising: the serpent power of ancient Egypt. Totnes Roberts, A. 2008. Golden shrine, goddess queen: Egypt's anointing mysteries. Rottingdean Troy, L. 1986. Patterns of Queenship in ancient Egyptian myth and history. Uppsala Verhoeven, U. and Derchain, P. 1985. Le voyage de la déesse libyque : ein Text aus dem "Mutritual" des Pap. Berlin 3053. Bruxelles Westerfeld, J. 2017. Monastic graffiti in context: the temple of Seti I at Abydos. In M. Choal, M. C. Giorda (eds.), Writing and Communication in the Early Egyptian Monasteries, 167-212