This paper explores one of the most significant Marian pilgrimage sites in China—the annual Catholic pilgrimage to Sheshan Basilica in Shanghai. It analyses its historical development, religious significance, and contemporary dynamics. Drawing on fieldwork data collected during the pilgrimage, historical sources, and recent scholarly discussions, it analyzes its cultural and religious importance. In recent years, the Catholic Church has been undergoing a broader transformation in its self-perception, striving to redefine itself as a truly global institution rather than one rooted in Western (European) traditions. While the Church may appear to be anchored in Rome, today it is becoming increasingly active and visible beyond Europe. Pope Francis has played a pivotal role in this transformation by promoting inclusiveness, dialogue, and humility, which encourages the Church to embrace diverse cultural expressions of faith and fosters a more universal Catholic identity. This complex global geopolitical reality is mirrored in the everyday experience of Catholics, and Marian pilgrimage is a great example of this. This study focuses precisely on this phenomenon, exploring how the Sheshan pilgrimage reflects the broader transformations within the Catholic Church Since 2018, a more legalistic and restrictive regulatory framework on religions has been observed in the People's Republic of China. Despite these intensified restrictions, the Sheshan pilgrimage continues to attract large numbers of participants, highlighting the resilience of Catholic communities and the adaptive strategies they employ to sustain heritage practices. This paper further investigates the experiences and motivations of pilgrims, the role of the local Catholic community, and the impact of tourism-related activities on the sacred site. This exploration of Marian devotion in the Asian context contributes to broader discussions on inculturation, and the ongoing reshaping of Catholic identity.