The devastating October 7 attacks on Israel and the ensuing Gaza war have raised several questions among Catholics: Should they support Israel at all? And if so, should this support be based solely on political or moral grounds, or should biblical and theological factors also be considered? Should Catholics view modern Israel as a secular state with religious significance, or attribute to it a special status as God's "chosen nation"? Since Nostra Aetate's 1965 affirmation that God's "gifts and calling are irrevocable," the Catholic Church has consistently echoed St. Paul's assertion of the permanence of God's covenant with the Jewish people. However, this confidence has rarely extended to recognizing the biblical and theological significance of the land of Israel as an essential sign of this covenant. This paper examines the attitudes and presuppositions behind the traditional Catholic reluctance to attribute theological significance to the modern state of Israel, including supersessionism, neo-Marcionism, liberation theology, and the secularization of the Bible. After arguing that these attitudes contradict authentic Catholic theology, we will propose some biblical, theological, and catechetical principles and guidelines for a positive integration of the "mystery of Israel" into the Catholic faith today.