Thermal ablation was introduced as a potential alternative to surgery for benign thyroid nodules in the Korean guidelines for thyroid ablation in 2009 and its subsequent revised versions in 2012 and 2017. Further, various international societies of China, Austria, Europe, and the United States have established their recommendations. However, the proposed thyroid guideline societies have dedicated only marginal attention to applying thermal ablation for primary papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) management.

After discussing the cases in the multidisciplinary oncology group, the patients were treated with thermal ablation between June 2022 and June 2023 in the Oncologic Surgery Unit of Moscati Hospital, Avellino, Italy.

All thyroid cancer treated with thermal ablation in Moscati Hospital between June 2022 and June 2023 has been included in this study. The mean follow-up is 8,6±2.4 months

The treatment options for thermal ablation of PTC are still controversial. A growing number of researchers have demonstrated the safety and efficacy of thermal ablation with more extended follow-up periods and larger sample sizes. Thermal ablation represents a safe and reproducible alternative to surgery in selected patients. Randomized studies in large populations are needed to evaluate long-term oncological outcomes.