The presentation aims to explore the conceptual and legal dogmatic connections between the fundamental right to freedom of conscience and religion and the prohibition of discrimination in various international human rights conventions. In this regard, the circumstances surrounding the creation of these international human rights documents are just as important as the practice of applying and interpreting these two declarations, which has significantly changed and developed over the years. The prohibition of discrimination on religious grounds is ensured in different ways by different states. Therefore, we cannot speak of a uniform concept of religious equality, as different constitutional models in different member states give rise to different regulatory structures. Another question is how individual states apply the necessity and proportionality test to restrictions on fundamental rights. Is it conceivable that equality may be compromised in certain cases in favour of religious freedom, or, conversely, that religious freedom must be restricted in order to achieve equality/equal rights? A further question is how individual religious teachings interpret the concept of equality/equal rights, and how sensitive the state is to this in a pluralistic society. It is also necessary to point out the difference between individual religious equality (all people are equal before the law) and collective religious equality (equal rights for denominations). In the presentation, we would also like to examine specific legal cases in order to get closer to the answer.