Panel: GLOBAL PERSPECTIVES ON (IN)EQUALITIES: RACE, NATION, AND SECULARISM



912.1 - CHAINED TO DEBT AND DISTORTED DESIRE: A SOCIOCULTURAL ANALYSIS OF FINANCE-DOMINATED CAPITALISM IN SOUTH KOREA

AUTHORS:
Lee D. (Yale University ~ New Haven ~ United States of America)
Text:
This paper examines how finance-dominated capitalism at the national scale creates a cycle of debt and a distorted form of desire, focusing on the South Korean housing market, where housing has become a means of investment rather than a place to live. First, it analyzes South Korean social phenomena, in which every facet of life is translated into the language of finance and risk management, with particular emphasis on debt chains and the "republic of apartments" phenomenon. Drawing on Kathryn Tanner's concepts of "chained to the past" and "unbreakable continuity," this paper illustrates how loans, investments, and housing in South Korean society constitute social inequality. Second, the experience of being chained to debt can be understood as a form of confinement within a self-created, distorted form of desire. Living exclusively driven by monetary concerns—through imprudent loans, debt-fueled investments, and an obsession with financial management—constitutes a distorted, religious desire. In other words, individuals create their own destiny; however, such destiny is markedly constrained. Third, drawing on the Lord's Prayer and Jubilee traditions, this paper advocates radical forgiveness to break the chains of debt and foster a new understanding of religious desire. Forgiveness, both self-forgiveness and forgiveness of others, is essential to recognizing that individuals need not remain confined to a way of life dictated by finance. In conclusion, this paper advocates for recognizing alternative values as a practical step toward establishing a Protestant anti-work ethic.