The lecture examines the representation of female "agency" in devotional literature, understanding agency - in line with a church-historical adaptation of Judith Butler's concept - not as a pre-given attribute of female subjects, but as a discursively and performatively produced and normatively regulated category that influences religiously constructed (in)equality. The focus lies on how female agency is constructed, constrained, and simultaneously rendered visible within a religious text shaped by male authorship.
An analysis of the biblical figures Jael, Judith, and Lot's wife demonstrates the theologically mediated and functionalized agency of women. Female agency is approved when it can be read as a pious reiteration of divine order and is carried out with humility, obedience, and trust in God. Agency thus does not appear as an innate characteristic of the subject, but rather as the product of regulated repetition that processes female "weakness" (i.e. inequality) and virtues imagined as "natural". The male gaze structures the conditions of intelligibility of female agency.
The intermedial structure of the work - combining biblical narration, exegesis, prayer and poetic texts- reinforces this construction of agency by embedding female figures in religious performance. Female agency is thus simultaneously narrated, prayed for and practised in an exemplary manner. Yet the figure of Lot's wife marks the limit of this discursive permission: her action as a deviation from divine command is sanctioned, while remaining present as a memorable negative exemplum.
Devotional literature therefore emerges as an ambivalent site between the visibility and restriction of female agency. Gaining agency remains possible but is strictly bound to theologically legitimized and intermedially mediated forms of reiteration, and thus persistently dependent on gender-coded normativity.