At the end of the Middle Ages in the East Slavic area, profound changes occurred in the perception of the Holy Bible. Firstly, the idea of a single book containing all the books of the Bible, which for centuries had been handed down through the complex of liturgical books, beginning with the liturgical book of the gospels. This transformation, which was necessary above all for confrontation with the Western world and to counter the spread of reform movements, presupposed the development of a critical and philological approach to the Slavic manuscript tradition. First, it posed the problem of the biblical canon, which had become particularly topical in the West with the discussion on the Deuterocanonical books, but which in the East also had to deal with the issue of the wide dissemination of apocryphal writings. Secondly, there was the problem of comparison with the original texts, both in Hebrew and Greek, raising the question of hebraica veritas in the Eastern Slavic world as well. This question was inevitably linked to the practice of correcting the current translations that had given rise to a varied manuscript tradition of the biblical books, as well as a renewal of biblical exegesis. This also had considerable consequences in the preparation of the liturgical books, which remained the focus of the ecclesiastical hierarchies. The report aims to offer some ideas for a reconstruction of a general overview of these transformations between the 15th and 16th centuries, considering the progress that has been made in studies over the last thirty years.