In microscopic physics, there is evidence of dualities, such as the reversibility of time and wave-particle dualism, revealing a physical reality very different from the one we experience at the macroscopic scale of our bodies and brains. When moving from the microscopic to the macroscopic scale, these dualities become inaccessible, with consequences that shape our lives and cognitive processes. The inability to experience these manifestations of dualism also intersects with the role of classical and quantum probability, another form of dualisms, and its epistemological implications, highlighted by scientific figures such as Boltzmann, with the notion of entropy and the emergence of irreversibility, and Einstein, with his critique of quantum probability and his rigorous realism. The transition from microscopic to macroscopic reality therefore represents not merely a change of scale. The levels of the world do not appear to us as portions of a single, uniformly accessible reality: the microscopic is not a magnified version of the macroscopic, but a domain of natural reality in which reversibility and superpositions prevail, properties that, at our scale, dominated by decoherence and entropy, are unexperienceable and counterintuitive. Categories, and probably cognitive schemas as well, such as causality, the flow of time, and determinism in turn appear to be specific to our scale of experience. This suggests that the loss of duality in the transition from microscopic to macroscopic will not be overcome by future technologies; it is instead a sign of a profound epistemological phenomenon: what we perceive as determined and univocal is an emergent construct, specific to our way of living and to the stratified nature of natural reality at our scale.