Recent studies on Paul "within Judaism" have seriously challenged the Augustinian-Lutheran exegesis of the theology of the Apostle of Tarsus. It is not so much the emphasis on his Jewishness that raises doubts in the academic world linked to the "Lutheran Paul," but rather the conclusions that some scholars draw from this assertion, in particular the thesis that Paul's polemic against the salvific value of the law is valid only for converts from paganism and that eschatological salvation is based on works, while justification by faith represents only the beginning of a journey of rapprochement between the believer and God, which then leads, after a life of observance of the divine will, to eternal salvation. The intent of this paper is twofold: to propose a status quaestionis of the reception of the new theses among Pauline scholars linked to the Reformed evangelical approach, and to object to the idea that the discovery of Paul's Jewishness can in fact refute the traditional "Lutheran interpretation." Without forgetting that all this work does indeed lead to a complete revision of the Lutheran reading of the relationship between Paul and Judaism, with decisive consequences also for Jewish-Christian dialogue.