Panel: THE BLACK GODDESS ARCHETYPE AS AN EMPOWERING FORCE FOR OPPRESSED AND MINORITY GROUPS ACROSS CULTURES



575.2 - THE UGLY GODDESS: REFLECTIONS ON IMAGES OF THE FEMININE FORCE IN ANCIENT MEXICO AND INDIA

AUTHORS:
Granziera P. (Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos ~ Cuernavaca ~ Mexico)
Text:
The people who worship the Goddess did not see her only in the landscape, they sought to find her in the terror of death as well. In Mexico and India, the goddess in her multiple forms has been widely worshiped. She represents the feminine energy, the primal creative principle underlying the cosmos. In Mexico, mother goddesses and fertility cults in which female divinities predominate appear to have constituted the indigenous religious beliefs of pre-Hispanic period. In India, the worship of the goddess has never ceased. Some of these goddesses' images are awe-inspiring and their fierce appearances have equivocal significance. In both cultures the divine feminine is associated with blood, dismemberment, decapitation, death. The wild goddess evokes fear and terror. She kills and destroys. She causes illness and disaster, an earthquake or a volcano eruption, a deadly hurricane. However wild is to be understood in the sense of being beyond the ordinary boundaries of conventional morality and as "awe-inspiring". It is not an ontologically static category, but a dynamic one. None of the goddesses had entirely benign, gentle features. Furthermore, in the indigenous people perception of the term "wild" is misleading. The acquaintance with a "terrifying image" from childhood onwards and the living in a religion tradition often presents a different perspective than doctrines expounded in religious textbooks or theories unfolded by academics. Ferocious goddesses such as Coatlicue or Tlaltecuhtli and Kali were and are generally experienced as sweet and beautiful that is, as Mothers. Using the powerful imagery of paintings, sculptures and religious texts, this paper will explore the rich meanings of the terrible mother both in Mexico and India. It asks how similar or different were the conceptions of the female divine and why images of bloodthirsty goddess were so powerful in both cultures.