This paper analyses the public speeches and radio messages of Pope Pius XII between 1950 and 1957 that refer to Russia and to Catholic communities living under communist regimes. Rather than offering a general condemnation of communism, these interventions articulate a coherent critique centred on two key themes: the denial of religious freedom and a profound distrust of the political system imposed by Soviet-style regimes. Through close textual analysis of selected radio messages, the paper shows how Pius XII consistently framed religious freedom as a fundamental and non-negotiable right, presenting its suppression not only as an attack on the Church but as evidence of the moral illegitimacy of the communist political order. References to Russia and the Soviet sphere thus function as concrete examples of a system portrayed as inherently incompatible with human dignity, conscience, and the autonomy of religious life. At the same time, the paper highlights how Pius XII avoided purely theological language, instead adopting a vocabulary that resonates with broader debates on rights, law, and political authority in the early Cold War. This communicative strategy reveals a persistent skepticism toward the possibility of genuine coexistence between the Church and communist regimes, while reinforcing the Vatican's role as a moral authority intervening in international public discourse.